Energy Prices and Subsidies in the Western Balkans: Reforms for a Fair and Green Future

An OECD report published in the Development Pathways series in May 2025, providing a quantified assessment of energy prices, subsidies and public support to the energy sector across the Western Balkans Six. It finds that the region provided EUR 5.8 billion in transfers and credit to the energy sector between 2018 and 2023, mostly to fossil fuels, and that governments are projected to disburse approximately EUR 4.2 billion in support between 2025 and 2030 under current policies. It sets out reform options across energy policy, fiscal policy and social protection, and quantifies employment in the regional coal sector at an estimated 33,782 direct jobs in coal mining and 7,728 in coal-fired thermal power plants.

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